Flooring, in general, refers to a permanent floor covering or the process of installing such a covering. It serves as a broad term to describe any material that is applied over a floor structure to create a surface suitable for walking.

The process of flooring includes compacting the ground and adding a layer of red earth or sand 150 mm below the final floor level. Tamping rods are used to properly pack this layer. To ensure proper compaction, the surface is kept moist during the ramming process.

There is a wide range of options available for flooring, as it is the initial focal point upon entering a house, extending throughout the entire space.

Timber flooring

The distinctive beauty of timber, which varies from piece to piece, is one of its primary attractions as a flooring material. Despite its susceptibility to scratches and movement, timber can also be highly durable. However, due to its hygroscopic nature, meaning it acts like a sponge, timber may not be suitable for rooms that are prone to high humidity or moisture. Nevertheless, treating the timber can make it resistant to moisture.

Laminate flooring

Laminate flooring is typically made up of a compressed fiberboard plank that is coated with an image of materials like wood, stone, or tiles. This coating is then protected with a layer. Laminates are a great option for rooms that want the look of a natural floor but at a more affordable price, with simpler installation, and without the worry of scratches or moisture damage.

Vinyl flooring

Vinyl flooring is available in rolls or tiles and is typically installed using adhesive. It can be produced in a variety of colors and patterns, such as studded designs, and, like laminate flooring, it can mimic the look of other materials.

Bamboo flooring

Instead of being made of wood, bamboo is a type of grass that can be compressed to create a flooring material, which can be either nailed down or glued together. One of its major advantages is that it is a renewable resource and also resistant to water.

Cork flooring

Cork, which is a renewable and water-resistant material, is ideal for various spaces such as basements and bathrooms. Similar to laminates, certain types of cork flooring can be easily clicked together, while others require gluing. In addition to being warm and flexible, cork floors are prone to damage from sharp objects.

Ceramic tile flooring

Tiles offer a wide range of choices when it comes to color, texture, shape, and finishes. They are highly durable and resistant to scratches and dents, making them ideal for various applications. Additionally, they are well-suited for wet areas. Nonetheless, their installation can be challenging, and without proper support, they may be prone to breakage.

Natural stone flooring

Although they may be pricier than porcelain or ceramic alternatives, these options are often more visually appealing. It is important to ensure they are adequately sealed during installation, and this sealing process will need to be repeated periodically to maintain the tiles’ protection.

Carpet flooring

A carpet consists of a backing with an upper layer of pile. The pile is typically made of wool or other fibers like nylon, polyester, or polypropylene. These fibers are usually heat-treated and twisted together to form tufts or are woven. There is a wide range of textures, styles, and colors available in carpets. Generally, carpets are known for being long-lasting and easy to take care of. Additionally, carpets offer insulation properties for both heat and sound.

Rubber flooring

Rubber flooring, which can be made from either natural or synthetic materials, is classified as a form of resilient flooring due to its elasticity and bounce. Additionally, it is an ideal option for dance floors, restaurants, and other spaces with high foot traffic, as it helps prevent foot fatigue and slip accidents. Another advantage of rubber flooring is that it can be produced using recycled rubber tyres.

In addition, it is gaining popularity for residential purposes and is being utilized in areas such as children’s playrooms, showers and bathrooms, garages, home gyms, and other spaces that demand resistance to moisture and stains, along with sound absorption, strength, flexibility, and temperature stability.

Mud floor

In rural areas, mud flooring is often built using stabilizers to improve the properties of the soil. By adding suitable stabilizers, the composition of the soil is manipulated, resulting in increased tensile and shear strength and reduced shrinkage. Mud flooring is typically found in residential buildings rather than commercial or professional structures, as it is a cost-effective and simple option. It is easy to maintain and provides insulation, keeping the floor warm in winter and cool in summer, making it ideal for areas with extreme temperatures during these seasons.

Brick floor

Brick flooring, which consists of a layer of brick, is a type of flooring. It is relatively simple to build and fix, but the resulting surface is not smooth and is rough. As a result, it can easily absorb and hold moisture, potentially leading to dampness in the structure.

Tile floor

A floor that is covered with tiles is known as a tile floor. The tiles used can vary in quality, color, shape, and thickness based on preference. Tile floors are commonly used for paving courtyards in buildings. In modern constructions that aim for a sophisticated appearance, glazed tiles floors are often chosen.

Flagstone floor

Flagstone floor consists of stone slabs, which may vary in size but should not exceed 75 cm in length, 35 cm in width, and 3.8 cm in thickness. These flooring options are suitable for various settings such as go-downs, motor sheds, stores, pavements, and more.

Cement concrete floor

Conglomerate floor, also known as cement concrete floor, is comprised of a 2.5 cm to 5 cm thick layer of concrete placed on top of a 10 cm thick base concrete. Additionally, a 10 cm thick layer of clean sand is placed over the ground and compacted and consolidated. These floors are widely used nowadays due to their durability and the smooth, non-absorbent surface they provide.

Each room has its own unique flooring requirements

Bedroom:

Carpet is the most preferred option, although wood, laminate, or vinyl may also be appropriate.

Kitchen:

Due to its resistance to water, ease of cleaning, and durability, vinyl is a commonly selected flooring option. Additionally, tiles and laminate flooring are also available alternatives.

Lounge/dining room:

The choice of flooring is likely to depend on personal aesthetic preferences, as all types of flooring are appropriate.

Landings/stairs:

As the majority of upstairs areas are carpeted, this is because people are more likely to walk around without shoes, and harder flooring can create more noise.

Bathroom/wet areas:

Untreated timber is not appropriate for these rooms, and carpets can become damp and unclean. Vinyl and tiles are perfect choices as they are water-resistant and require minimal upkeep.

In building construction, a wide range of flooring materials are utilized, with the choice of material depending on factors such as application, aesthetics, and user preference. The purpose of a floor in a building is to provide a level surface that can withstand the weight of objects and occupants. There are numerous types of flooring available, each suited to different circumstances.

The choice of flooring material depends on the user’s requirements and the intended use, with the goal of achieving the most satisfactory results in terms of either cost-effectiveness or durability.